Famous wilhelmina models. With a DJ blasting Cardi B .
Famous wilhelmina models YES! We’re looking for confident, beautiful and sophisticated women of all sizes!Īre there already advertising/marketing contracts set in place for the winners? What is the impetus for the model search? Is it also plus size models, too, or just Born Wilhelmina Behmenburg in Culemborg, the Netherlands, she was known professionally simply as "Wilhelmina," or "Willy" to intimates. Wilhelmina model best known for winning cycle fourteen of the his competition series America's Next Top Model, hosted by Tyra Banks. На данный момент агентство занимается не только работой с моделями, но и организацией fashion проектов и показов. Wilhelmina Gertrud Frieda Cooper (née Behmenburg – 1 March 1980) was a Dutch-American model who began with Ford Models, and at the peak of her success, founded her own agency, Wilhelmina Models, in New York City in 1967. Wilhelmina top artist Fergie, as the main attraction, galvanized the usually jaded fashionistas into dancing and carousing with her mouth dropping performance. She moved with her family to Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, in 1954. Prizes included. Photo submissions are routinely forwarded by Marlene to among New York’s leading modeling agencies from whom you will hear directly if there is interest. Aug 18, 2023 · Mia Tyler is an American actress, model, media personality and socialite. Tại Munich, công ty có tên khác là Wilhelmina-Nova Models. īorn Wilhelmina Behmenburg in Culemborg, the Netherlands, she was known professionally simply as "Wilhelmina," or "Willy" to intimates. Unfortunately, she became addicted to drugs (particularly heroin), and her career began to spiral downward. Wilhelmina Gertrud Frieda Cooper (née Behmenburg, 1 May 1939 – 1 March 1980) was a Dutch-American model who began with Ford Models, and at the peak of her success, founded her own agency, Wilhelmina Models, in New York City in 1967. IMG Models. 1100 West Ave #326, Miami Beach, FL 33139, United States +1 305-672-9344; Review Wilhelmina Models. The list consists of 57 members. Mar 7, 2023 · Model Annie Marie was born on March 8, 1998 in United States (She's 27 years old now). Apply NOW via link in our bio and follow these steps: 1. Wilhelmina International Inc. Oct 24, 2022 · The Brown Agency works with models from Dallas but is located in Austin, TX. Description: Wilhelmina Cooper ( – 1 March 1980) was a Dutch-born model who began with Ford Models and, at the peak of her success, founded her own agency, Wilhelmina Models, in New York City in 1967. Feb 4, 2025 · Finally, Wilhelmina Cooper, who founded Wilhelmina Models in 1967, greatly shaped the careers of many top models and remains a key figure in modeling history. vertical_align_top « Previous. Submit your information for consideration to be a model. She is represented by Wilhelmina Models in LA and London and Women 360 in New York City. Wilhelmina: Defining Beauty was written by Eric Wilson, InStyle’s fashion news director, with the foreword by Hansen. Named after Dutch supermodel Wilhelmina Cooper, Wilhelmina Models has been around since 1967. To begin with, when it comes to celebrity influencer marketing and endorsement, Wilhelmina Models has been a renowned name in the industry. List Wilhelmina, beautiful and courageous, was one of the biggest models of the early 1960s and the best-paid of her era. She became one of the most famous models of the 1950s and 1960s. Paloma Model & Talent. Established in 1967, Wilhelmina Models is one of the World's leading modeling and talent agency. She has also appeared on the runways of New York and Paris. Fill out the appilication 3. Oct 30, 2024 · Wilhelmina is one of the most well-known and respected modeling agencies in the world. They embrace not only models of all genders but also entertainers and musicians. How to Join Wilhelmina Models: Application Process and Key Requirements Key Benefits of Joining Wilhelmina Models; 5. Oct 19, 2017 · Wilhelmina models, an agency that led the charge in featuring diverse faces and bodies throughout the last half century, celebrates its 50th anniversary with a new book, Wilhelmina: Defining Where the Industry of Modeling all Began. This estimate is based upon 87 Wilhelmina Models Fashion Model salary report(s) provided by employees or estimated based upon statistical methods. Hey guys , I have been doing modeling since October now. At the age of ten, she was already earning $75 an hour working with Wilhelmina Models, posing on magazine covers and for Sears and Lord & Taylor catalogs. Models usually switch in this agency once they earn a name in the industry. 20. What Makes The Society Management Unique Compared to Ford Models and IMG Models; 4. Discover (and save!) your own Pins on Pinterest Here you’ll find 10 famous modeling agencies around the world. Model with over 80,000 followers on her nataliealvarado account. Wilhelmina Kids & Teens has transformed into a Lifestyle brand along with its brand companion Just Ask Marlene. Nov 5, 2017 · Fifty years after Dutch model Wilhelmina Cooper founded Wilhelmina Models, a new book celebrates the beauties that have walked through the agency’s doors — from model and actress Patti Hansen, to rapper Nicki Minaj. [7] [8] [9] In February 2009, New Century Equity Holdings Corp, a publicly traded company, acquired Wilhelmina Models. " Her self-titled Instagram account has 100,000 followers. Born Wilhelmina Behmenburg in Culemborg, the Netherlands, she was known professionally simply as "Wilhelmina," or "Willy" to intimates. was founded in 1967 by Dutch-American model Wilhelmina Cooper and husband Victor Bruce Cooper, as well as minority partners Bill Weinberg and Franz Rothchild. Address & Contact There are many great things to have come out of Manchester - home to famous engineers, physicists, philosophers and physicians - birthplace of the world's first original computer, Atomic Theory, suffragettes, the contraceptive pill, world class football, origins of numerous rock and pop megastars, legendary fashion designers, Supermodels and. Reveal contacts of top WIlhelmina Models managers and employees. CESD Talent. , presents essential information and savvy advice for the thousands eager to break into modeling. Emme Aronson Wilhelmina Models ou Wilhelmina International, Inc. (NASDAQ: WHLM), formerly Wilhelmina Models, is a modeling and talent agency in New York City, United States. In 2009 the . During her career as a model she was on the cover of 255 Oct 1, 2021 · Before playing her character Izzie Stevens, an ex-model turned doctor on the hit show “Grey’s Anatomy”, actress Katherine Heigl had started a modeling career in real life. She modeled in America, Paris, and hold the record for the most Wilhelmina International Inc. Our annual Miami Swim Week Search is back! Enter for a chance to win and become a Wilhelmina Miami model. Contestants [ edit ] Oct 11, 2015 · Wilhelmina Cooper (1 May 1939 – 1 March 1980) was a Dutch model who began with Ford Models and, at the peak of her success, founded her own agency, Wilhelmina Models, in New York City in 1967. The New York Journal American during a series in 1964, Private Lives of High Fashion Models, said Wilhelmina was a top model out of the 405 other models contracted under the top five New York agencies. In addition to agency locations in New York Oct 12, 2023 · Wilhelmina Kids & Teens. Feb 26, 2016 · Inside one of Wilhelmina's runway sessions, new models watched videos of Naomi Campbell on the catwalk during the '90s and Raquel Zimmermann opening Versace spring 2016 for inspiration. Feb 11, 2014 · Upon the creation of the agency, Wilhelmina was still a top earning model on the books of Ford Models. When her parents and her moved to Chicago in 1954, Wilhelmina became a famous Model through-out the 1950’s and 1960’s. Wilhelmina Modeling Agency was founded by the Model Wilhelmina Cooper together with Husband Bruce Cooper in 1967, New York City. (NASDAQ: WHLM), formerly Wilhelmina Models, is a modeling and talent agency headquartered in New York City, United States. Many say that Wilhelmina Models is a global powerhouse in the modeling industry. Jul 19, 2011 · Wilhelmina Cooper. Trivia. 8-metre) curvaceous figure, large brown eyes, high Aug 28, 2019 · She was so famous that she went solely by "Gia" at the height of her career. ApplyWilhelmina Models is one of the most prominent talent management agencies in the world. on Monday The Blond was in full-on party mode to celebrate Wilhelmina Models‘ 50th Anniversary. Before Fame. Established in 1967, Wilhelmina Models is one of the World's leading modeling and talent agency. The agency manages superstars like Gigi Hadid and Bella Hadid, blending their runway work with social media influence. I don't think that's the case Models. She appeared on 255 magazine covers including 28 covers of US Vogue and went on to set up Wilhelmina Models, where she proved herself a highly-successful businesswoman. Wilhelmina Models Named after Dutch supermodel Wilhelmina Cooper, Wilhelmina Models has been around since 1967. However, in 2025, brands and influencers are looking for more flexible, data-driven, and AI-powered influencer marketing agencies that go beyond traditional modeling management. <br><br>Interests - Modeling, Film Aug 13, 2022 · Gia Carangi was 17 years old when she was signed by Wilhelmina Models. These remarkable Dutch models have undeniably transformed the fashion industry and inspired countless others to follow in their footsteps. over a year ago Wilhelmina Models - New York. [2] Sep 12, 2017 · The sun had just barely set over the Manhattan skyline, but at 8 p. (463 x 650) Posted by kitty1119. Log in Actress/Model at Wilhelmina of PA · Currently looking for a writer to help with a screenplay and any acting roles throughout the US or Caribbean Islands. Get the inside scoop on jobs, salaries, top office locations, and CEO insights. The Brown Agency works with men, women, curve, kids and influencers. Brown Agency, a full-service model and talent agency opened in the summer of 2015 as Wilhelmina Texas, of the world famous Wilhelmina Models network. 150 b/w photographs. Wilhelmina Artist Management has worked with stars such as Natasha Bedingfield, Estelle, Cyndi Lauper, Rebecca Romijn, amongst others and has landed significant campaigns with Avon, CoverGirl, Donna Karan, MAC, L’Oréal, and more. Select Miami as your city 2. Trivia Explore. Elite Model Management: A Leading Top Modelling Agency for Aspiring Talents Trụ sở của Wilhelmina đặt tại New York, Los Angeles và Miami. She ruled the runways and starred in several campaigns. Parents recognizing their children's exceptional talent and potential should act early to secure the right representation for aspiring models. m. The company also has offices in Los Angeles, Miami and London. Get Contact Info for All Departments WIlhelmina Models United States employs 116 employees. Photo submissions are 4 days ago · From new fashion lines and perfumes to everyday items, the most famous models grace magazines, online ads, and even TV commercials across the world. Since its founding in 1967 by Dutch supermodel Wilhelmina Cooper, Wilhelmina Models has earned its prestigious standing as an industry leader by providing full-spectrum model management for women, men, curve, fitness, as well as entertainers and musicians. Excels at long-term career branding. Wilhelmina Kids & Teens represents newborns through teens for modeling and acting. The 16-year-old is currently signed with Wilhelmina Models and has a lot of room to grow Mary Kate Malat. She passed away at the age of 26 from AIDS-related complications on November 18, 1986. Oct 18, 2018 · The young model is described as one of the top rising models in the industry, according to W Magazine. Kendall won Teen Choice Awards for Favorite Model in both 2015 and 2016. While there's a long list of models within specific industries, such as lingerie, some models aren't limited to one discipline. She has been known for being a prominent plus-size model. Elite Model Management (Offices worldwide) Success Model Management (Paris) Q Management (New York, Los Angeles) DNA Model Management (New York) Ford Models (New York) IMG Models (New York, Paris, London, Milan) Wilhelmina Models (New York, Miami, Los Angeles) Find out what works well at Wilhelmina Models from the people who know best. Sep 19, 2018 · One of the most famous models of the 1950s and 1960s, Wilhelmina made the cover of 255 magazines during her career's tenure. Naomi Sims is considered the first Black supermodel. Nov 13, 2017 · Wilhelmina, one third of the holy trinity of modeling agencies — which include the legendary Elite and Ford model managements — is celebrating its past and looking towards its future with a Aug 29, 2022 · Wilhelmina appeared 27 or 28 times in the American Vogue holding the record for most covers. Das Unternehmen wurde 1967 unter dem Namen Wilhelmina Models von dem niederländischen Model Wilhelmina Cooper und ihrem Ehemann Bruce Cooper sowie den Geschäftspartnern Bill Weinberg und Fran Rothchild gegründet. Our models have been featured in top designer fashion and retail campaign. As of 1997, the company is one of the oldest and largest full-service model management companies in the world. During her career as a model she was on the cover of 255 magazines. Wilhelmina and Buchwald represent an American model and actress who has modeled for a variety of brands, including Urban Outfitters. ТОП модель Вильгельмина Ку́пер (Wilhelmina Cooper) организовала Wilhelmina Models в 1967 году. You can apply to be a model for Wilhelmina Models directly at the link below. Wilhelmina Kids & Teens has transformed into a Lifestyle brand along with its brand companion Just Ask Marlene . Jan 2, 2025 · Kendall Jenner is a model and a member of the famous Kardashian family. Wilhelmina Models: Best Modelling Agency for New Talents. Their kids and teens division represents children ages 5 to 18 years old. Wilhelmina Models is one of the most prominent talent management agencies in the world. Our models and actors can be seen in top fashion and retail campaigns, TV commercials, TV series, and motion pictures. It was founded in 1967 by Wilhelmina Cooper. Before Fame This Pin was discovered by axar. Oct 10, 2024 · Their models have been signed by major agencies in the top places and have worked for a wide variety of clients ranging from AT&T to Warner Brothers. Wilhelmina herself was born May 1 st, 1939 in Culemborg, Netherlands. The company also has offices in Los Angeles, Chicago and Miami. Wilhelmina Cooper a former late model and founder of the Wilhelmina Agency. IMG right now is known better for managing "established models". Also in 2016, Wilhelmina launched Aperture, a talent and commercial agency that represents models and actors for film, commercials, television and theatre with offices in New York City and Los Angeles. The WIlhelmina Models management team includes Hunter Singh (Executive Vice President), Ginni Conquest (Director of Icons Division and Senior Agent and Manager), and Alexa Dellanos (Model Actress). Tragically, after the death of her mentor and agent Wilhelmina Cooper, Gia turned to heroin, and her modeling career was cut short. I’ve made it to the top 7, and once the number gets to 5 an agent from Wilhelmina will be coming and picking from the top five. Shop. The agency has offices in New York, Los Angeles, and Miami, and they have worked with brands such as Nike, Levi’s, and H&M. She worked as a retail manager before she was selected to compete on America's Next Top Model. Lily's Talent. I just signed with my first agency, but I am also currently actively participating in a modeling competition. Oct 23, 2018 · Signing with Wilhelmina Models in 2009, she began modeling at the young age of 14 and has since walked for countless major labels including Chanel, Dolce & Gabbana, Balmain and more. Wilhelmina London opened its doors Jan 2015. Wilhemina is based in New York, Los Angeles, Miami, and London. Brand Models and Talent Agency. WIlhelmina Models employs 190 employees. Wilhemina is based in New York, Los Angeles, Miami, and London Also in 2016, Wilhelmina launched Aperture, a talent and commercial agency that represents models and actors for film, commercials, television and theatre with offices in New York City and Los Angeles. With a DJ blasting Cardi B Our winner will receive a multi-year contract with the world-famous Wilhelmina Modeling Agency. Aug 17, 2024 · Wilhelmina Models stands out for its inclusive approach to modeling, showcasing a wide range of talents, including petite models. Apr 23, 1995 · Lisa Snowdon is a proficient English television and radio presenter, and a thriving fashion model. . With a dedicated division for petites, Wilhelmina provides specialized support and numerous opportunities in both high fashion and commercial sectors, ensuring that petite models receive the attention and success Dec 2, 2024 · IMG Models is a global powerhouse that seamlessly merges traditional modeling with the digital age. In fact, the world's Wilhelmina is famous for their men and plus-size board. She moved with her family to Chicago, Illinois, USA, in 1954. Our online applications are now open through April 20th and the winner will be annouced on April 30th. Over the years Wilhelmina Models has represented some of the most famous models in the industry. Why It’s Iconic: Represents top influencers and high-fashion models. For a Wilhelmina Models represents men, women, children, full-figured, fitness, professional athletes, entertainers and musicians and celebrities. With its editorial content highlighting talent and creatives shaping the industry today - with over 2 million visits per month - it is an essential tool to attribute credit and source new talent. Nov 3, 2017 · All modeling agencies are in the business of beauty, but few have a high fashion history quite like Wilhelmina Models. At age 14 she signed up to Wilhelmina Models modeling agency and participated in her first fashion shoot. She has since modeled for designers like Betsey Johnson and Nicole Miller. Throughout the years many top models came from Wilhelmina Models such as the late Jan 25, 2024 · In June 2013, Robyn was honored with the Model of the Year award at the Full Figured Fashion Week while her name was published for Sydney Magazine’s Top 100 Most Influential People of the year award in the year 2011, making her one of the famous plus-size models of this generation. Dec 29, 2024 · From Beverly Johnson being the first Black model to cover Vogue US to Alek Wek changing beauty standards with her career breakthroughs, we celebrate 25 models who prove that diversity is beautiful. Find and save ideas about wilhelmina models on Pinterest. The era of the male supermodel is upon us and the movers and shakers of the moment are proving themselves every bit as essential as their female counterparts. 22 photos · Like . Tyler launched her own clothing line, Revolution 1228, in February 2009. Fashion Model salaries at Wilhelmina Models can range from $190 – $193 per hour. Oct 17, 2022 · Wilhelmina Models has divisions for men, women and curve models. The winner receives a lucrative modeling contract with the world famous Wilhelmina Models, a photo spread for Self magazine and a cash prize of $100,000. Nov 22, 2016 · Wilhelmina Models Los Angeles. They are known for placing models in high end shows like Miami Swim Week and Austin Fashion Week. Primarily a fashion model, she has been represented by the modelling agency Wilhelmina Models. She acted in a 2015 episode of the television series Barely Famous Nov 30, 2007 · The models, stars and VIP clients helped Wilhelmina President Sean Patterson and the hardworking Wilhelmina crew celebrate their 40th in high style. The website includes an online audition. Marta Michaud, now personally manages a select model based roster for multidimensional careers and development. Using her skills from Emerson College, Marta was the first to claim she had “models who can act” & She went onto co-founding the entertainment arm of world famous Wilhelmina Models in NYC. Rising Stars in Modeling At Wilhelmina Models, we take pride in the distinctive professionalism, integrity, and ethics that are the core values of our company. Eileen Ford did not take too kindly to having “one of her own” become one of her top competitors. Aug 18, 2019 · How much do Wilhelmina Models get paid? The typical Wilhelmina Models Fashion Model salary is $192 per hour. The agency is considered a worldwide success by model communities and reviewers thanks to their past dealings with successful clients such as Ashley Graham. 9378 Wilshire Blvd, Beverly Hills, CA 90212, United States +1 310-601-2530; Wilhelmina Models Miami. est une agence de mannequins créée en 1967 par le mannequin néerlandais Wilhelmina Cooper et son mari Bruce Introduction. Ford used to be known as the agency for model of color. Năm 2004, VA nhờ Modelogic Agency liên kết hợp tác với Wilhelmina và sau đó đổi tên thành Modelogic Wilhelmina. Scripted & documentary series will explore fashion week and the famous feud behind the birth of the supermodel era in commemoration of Wilhelmina’s 50th anniversaryĤ4 Blue Productions, the innovative and acclaimed production house behind A&E’s Emmy-nominated Wahlburgers, E!’s #1-rated Hollywood Medium and HBO’s critically acclaimed Sep 14, 2023 · Founded in 1967 by the Dutch supermodel Wilhelmina Cooper, Wilhelmina Models is regarded by many as the top-tier modeling agency in the world, representing talent of all ages, types, and sizes. She has modeled for brands like Skims and Dolce and Gabbana. Their Women's board is pretty okay-ish but lacks top models. Founded in 1967 by Wilhelmina Cooper, it remains a model-to-mogul success Oct 27, 2024 · Founded by the legendary model Wilhelmina Cooper, Wilhelmina Models is a top American agency representing fashion models, musicians, athletes, and influencers. Elen's Kids. Working with an agent gives kids a significantly higher chance of Jan 10, 2024 · Wilhelmina Models LA Pin Pin Billy Dunn coat Diesel, snap button denim shirt Levi’s, pants COS, and shoes Maison Margiela. 4 Things You Need To Know About Wilhelmina Models Who Are Some of the Famous Wilhelmina Models. Established clients and brands work together with the agency. She rose to become one of the most in-demand and famous models of her time, making about $100,000 a year. Wilhelmina Kids & Teens has discovered many young talents over the years. The list Wilhelmina Models models includes Whitney Houston, Gia Carangi, Grace Jones, Cassie Ventura and Toccara Jones. With the backing of blue chip clients, key photographers and legions of admirers, today's top tier male models are at the forefront of fashion. They were formerly a division of the famous Wilhelmina Models and have been in business since 2015. Presenting interviews with top models and other features, this guide shows how to find the right agent, handle auditions and contracts, and more. Based in New York, Miami, Chicago, London, and Los Angeles, Wilhelmina Models is a full service modeling and talent agency. Feb 25, 2025 · Wilhelmina Cooper was a Dutch-born fashion model and businesswoman who, with her husband, founded the modeling agency Wilhelmina Models Inc. One of her early modeling campaigns was for Forever 21. Since its founding in 1967 by Dutch supermodel Wilhelmina Cooper, Wilhelmina Models has earned its prestigious standing as an industry leader by providing full-spectrum model management for women, men and fitness models, as well as entertainers and musicians. They give representation and management to models, entertainers, artists, musicians, and athletes. com is the leading interactive fashion database connecting the world to models, creative talent, magazines, and luxury and commercial brands. Uncover why Wilhelmina Models is the best company for you. Wilhelmina Models was founded in 1967 by Dutch supermodel Wilhelmina Cooper and is a well-known industry leader. She is well-known for hosting the reality TV show Britain's Next Top Model from 2006 to 2009 and co-presenting Capital Breakfast on Capital London from August 2008 to December 2014. The president of the world-famous Wilhelmina Models, Inc. Afterall, Ford Models had groomed Wilhelmina in a consummate professional and took her to the top of the fashion world. Submit on enter With dedication to scouting, developing and representing the highest caliber of models and talents, Wilhelmina One Thailand is set to bring a fresh new approach to Bangkok’s fashion market as well as to develop the careers of each and every one of our models and talents which are carefully selected. Compare pay for popular roles and read about the team’s work-life balance. Mary Kate was signed with the world famous Wilhelmina Models agency in New York City at age 9 and has modeled in campaigns for H&M, Justice, Limited Too, Express and Nike to name a few and has appeared in numerous commercials. They have offices in New York, Los Angeles, Miami, and London. The Brown Agency quickly grew to be an industry leader with the goal to establish big market standards and expectations that hadn't been seen in Texas. Founded in 1967 by Wilhelmina Cooper, it provides full-service representation and management to models, entertainers, artists, musicians, and athletes. Included in this group is Amanda Seyfried, Natalie Portman, Peyton List and Sarah Michele Gellar to name a few. EST 1946 · Making the Big change from SAG agent to personal manager at a time when many industry leaders were choosing to do so, may have been merely a Wilhelmina Models is one of the largest and most successful modelling agencies in the world, founded in 1967 by Dutch supermodel Wilhelmina Cooper. [6] Nachdem Wilhelmina Cooper im Jahr 1980 gestorben war, übernahmen ihre Geschäftspartner das Unternehmen. With over 40 years’ experience as one of the preeminent model management firms in the world, Wilhelmina considers authenticity to be of the utmost importance. GQ Australia and Galore magazine have both highlighted her on their websites. Wilhelmina Models, Denver — Wilhelmina Models is a world class modeling agency which was founded in 1967 by Dutch-American model Wilhelmina Cooper With the backing of blue chip clients, key photographers and legions of admirers, today's top tier male models are at the forefront of fashion. Photographer Gabe Araujo lenses the story, capturing portraits, the interplay of light and shadow, and the silent stories shared by Billy Dunn , David Fisher , Donovahnn Duhaney , Franky Cammarata , Kai Paula , Kai Wright Wilhelmina International Inc. Wilhelmina Gertrud Frieda Cooper (née Behmenburg; 11 May 1939 – 1 March 1980) was a Dutch-American model who began with Ford Models, and at the peak of her success, founded her own agency, Wilhelmina Models, in New York City in 1967. Wilhelmina-represented model who has been featured by Sports Illustrated as their "Lovely Lady of the Day" and by Maxim as their "Instagram Girl of the Week. - this list has been viewed 0 times. Mar 18, 2024 · Wilhelmina Models. Actress: Joker. She spent time living in Rome, Italy. With offices in New York, Miami, and Los Angeles, they provide a broad range of opportunities for different types of talent. (NASDAQ: WHLM), formerly Wilhelmina Models, is a full service modeling and talent agency headquartered in New York City, United States. In many eyes, Cooper epitomized the high society look of the 1950s and ’60s with her 5-foot 11-inch (1. myiytv psth bljoj dmz moofohx ambyzmk gezx qgmdgxh vwubb lixuj cxacb jbdv dmetuz lor xchlpabs